Compositions for led light conversions

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods to provide multiple channels of light to form a blended white light output, the systems and methods utilizing recipient luminophoric mediums to alter light provided by light emitting diodes. The predetermined blends of luminescent materials within the luminophoric mediums provide predetermined spectral power distributions in the white light output.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/176,083 filed Jun. 7, 2016 and issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,719,660 on Aug. 1, 2017, which is a continuation of InternationalPatent Application No.: PCT/US2016/015318 filed Jan. 28, 2016, thedisclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

This disclosure is in the field of solid-state lighting. In particular,the disclosure relates to luminophoric compositions for use in methodsof generating white light.

BACKGROUND

A wide variety of light emitting devices are known in the art including,for example, incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent lights, andsemiconductor light emitting devices such as light emitting diodes(“LEDs”).

There are a variety of resources utilized to describe the light producedfrom a light emitting device, one commonly used resource is 1931 CIE(Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) Chromaticity Diagram. The1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram maps out the human color perception interms of two CIE parameters x and y. The spectral colors are distributedaround the edge of the outlined space, which includes all of the huesperceived by the human eye. The boundary line represents maximumsaturation for the spectral colors, and the interior portion representsless saturated colors including white light. The diagram also depictsthe Planckian locus, also referred to as the black body locus (BBL),with correlated color temperatures, which represents the chromaticitycoordinates (i.e., color points) that correspond to radiation from ablack-body at different temperatures. Illuminants that produce light onor near the BBL can thus be described in terms of their correlated colortemperatures (CCT). These illuminants yield pleasing “white light” tohuman observers, with general illumination typically utilizing CCTvalues between 1,800K and 10,000K.

Color rendering index (CRI) is described as an indication of thevibrancy of the color of light being produced by a light source. Inpractical terms, the CRI is a relative measure of the shift in surfacecolor of an object when lit by a particular lamp as compared to areference light source, typically either a black-body radiator or thedaylight spectrum. The higher the CRI value for a particular lightsource, the better that the light source renders the colors of variousobjects it is used to illuminate.

LEDs have the potential to exhibit very high power efficiencies relativeto conventional incandescent or fluorescent lights. Most LEDs aresubstantially monochromatic light sources that appear to emit lighthaving a single color. Thus, the spectral power distribution of thelight emitted by most LEDs is tightly centered about a “peak”wavelength, which is the single wavelength where the spectral powerdistribution or “emission spectrum” of the LED reaches its maximum asdetected by a photo-detector. LEDs typically have a full-widthhalf-maximum wavelength range of about 10 nm to 30 nm, comparativelynarrow with respect to the broad range of visible light to the humaneye, which ranges from approximately from 380 nm to 800 nm.

In order to use LEDs to generate white light, LED lamps have beenprovided that include two or more LEDs that each emit a light of adifferent color. The different colors combine to produce a desiredintensity and/or color of white light. For example, by simultaneouslyenergizing red, green and blue LEDs, the resulting combined light mayappear white, or nearly white, depending on, for example, the relativeintensities, peak wavelengths and spectral power distributions of thesource red, green and blue LEDs. The aggregate emissions from red,green, and blue LEDs typically provide poor CRI for general illuminationapplications due to the gaps in the spectral power distribution inregions remote from the peak wavelengths of the LEDs.

White light may also be produced by utilizing one or more luminescentmaterials such as phosphors to convert some of the light emitted by oneor more LEDs to light of one or more other colors. The combination ofthe light emitted by the LEDs that is not converted by the luminescentmaterial(s) and the light of other colors that are emitted by theluminescent material(s) may produce a white or near-white light.

LED lamps have been provided that can emit white light with differentCCT values within a range. Such lamps utilize two or more LEDs, with orwithout luminescent materials, with respective drive currents that areincreased or decreased to increase or decrease the amount of lightemitted by each LED. By controllably altering the power to the variousLEDs in the lamp, the overall light emitted can be tuned to differentCCT values. The range of CCT values that can be provided with adequateCRI values and efficiency is limited by the selection of LEDs.

The spectral profiles of light emitted by white artificial lighting canimpact circadian physiology, alertness, and cognitive performancelevels. Bright artificial light can be used in a number of therapeuticapplications, such as in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder(SAD), certain sleep problems, depression, jet lag, sleep disturbancesin those with Parkinson's disease, the health consequences associatedwith shift work, and the resetting of the human circadian clock.Artificial lighting may change natural processes, interfere withmelatonin production, or disrupt the circadian rhythm. Blue light mayhave a greater tendency than other colored light to affect livingorganisms through the disruption of their biological processes which canrely upon natural cycles of daylight and darkness. Consequently,exposure to blue light late in the evening and at night may bedetrimental to one's health.

Significant challenges remain in providing LED lamps that can providewhite light across a range of CCT values while simultaneously achievinghigh efficiencies, high luminous flux, good color rendering, andacceptable color stability. It is also a challenge to provide lightingapparatuses that can provide desirable lighting performance whileallowing for the control of circadian energy performance.

It is therefore a desideratum to provide compositions for convertinglight generated by LEDs into white light with desirable spectralcharacteristics.

DISCLOSURE

Disclosed herein are aspects of compositions for use in generating whitelight, the compositions comprising a plurality of luminescent materialsand a matrix material formed in a volumetric ratio. The plurality ofluminescent materials can comprise one or more of a first type ofluminescent material that emits light at a peak emission between about515 nm and 590 nm in response to the associated LED string emission, andone or more of a second type of luminescent material that emits light ata peak emission between about 590 nm and about 700 nm in response to theassociated LED string emission. In some implementations, the one or moreof the first type of luminescent materials comprise BaMgAl10O17:Eu,Lu3Al5O12:Ce, (La,Y)3Si6N11:Ce, or Y3Al5O12:Ce. In some implementations,the one or more of the second type of luminescent materials compriseCaAlSiN3:Eu, (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3, or one or more semiconductor quantum dots.In some implementations the compositions are configured to be excited byLEDs that emit substantially saturated light at wavelengths betweenabout 360 nm and about 535 nm to produce light having color pointswithin the suitable blue color ranges 301A-C, red color ranges 302A-C,yellow/green color ranges 303A-C, and cyan color ranges 304A-C disclosedherein. In some instances the compositions are configured so that thelight emitted by the LED(s) and associated compositions together havespectral power distributions (“SPD”) having spectral power with ratiosof power across the visible wavelength spectrum that fall within theranges disclosed herein in FIGS. 7 and 8.

Disclosed herein are aspects of methods of generating white light, themethods comprising passing light from a first LED string through a firstluminophoric medium comprised of one or more luminescent materials andmatrix in a first ratio for a first combined light in a blue color rangeon 1931 CIE diagram, passing light from a second LED string through asecond luminophoric medium comprised of one or more luminescentmaterials and matrix in a second ratio for a second combined light in ared color range on 1931 CIE diagram, passing light from a third LEDstring through a third luminophoric medium comprised of one or moreluminescent materials and matrix in a third ratio for a third combinedlight in a yellow/green color range on 1931 CIE diagram, passing lightfrom a fourth LED string through a fourth luminophoric medium comprisedof one or more luminescent materials and matrix in a fourth ratio for afourth combined light in a cyan color range on 1931 CIE diagram, andmixing the first, second, third, and fourth combined light together. Insome implementations the blue color range comprises one of regions 301A,301B, or 301C, the red color range comprises one of regions 302A, 302B,or 302C, the yellow/green color range comprises one of regions 303A,303B, or 303C, and the cyan color range comprises one of regions 304A,304B, or 304C. In some instances, the first, second, third, and fourthcombined lights can have spectral power distributions (“SPD”) havingspectral power with ratios of power across the visible wavelengthspectrum that fall within the ranges disclosed herein in FIGS. 7 and 8.In some implementations of the methods, the luminescent materials withineach of the first, second, third, and fourth luminophoric mediumscomprise one or more of a first type of luminescent material that emitslight at a peak emission between about 515 nm and 590 nm in response tothe associated LED string emission, and one or more of a second type ofluminescent material that emits light at a peak emission between about590 nm and about 700 nm in response to the associated LED stringemission. In some implementations, the one or more of the first type ofluminescent materials can comprise BaMgAl10O17:Eu, Lu3Al5O12:Ce,(La,Y)3Si6N11:Ce, or Y3Al5O12:Ce and the one or more of the second typeof luminescent materials can comprise CaAlSiN3:Eu, (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3, or asemiconductor quantum dot.

The general disclosure and the following further disclosure areexemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of thedisclosure, as defined in the appended claims. Other aspects of thepresent disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in viewof the details as provided herein. In the figures, like referencenumerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.All callouts and annotations are hereby incorporated by this referenceas if fully set forth herein.

DRAWINGS

The disclosure, as well as the following further disclosure, is bestunderstood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For thepurpose of illustrating the disclosure, there are shown in the drawingsexemplary implementations of the disclosure; however, the disclosure isnot limited to the specific methods, compositions, and devicesdisclosed. In addition, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates aspects of light emitting devices according to thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates aspects of light emitting devices according to thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 3 depicts a graph of a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram illustratingthe location of the Planckian locus;

FIGS. 4A-4D illustrate some aspects of light emitting devices accordingto the present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges forlight generated by components of the devices;

FIG. 5 illustrates some aspects of light emitting devices according tothe present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for lightgenerated by components of the devices;

FIG. 6 illustrates some aspects of light emitting devices according tothe present disclosure, including some suitable color ranges for lightgenerated by components of the devices;

FIGS. 7-8 are tables of data of relative spectral power versuswavelength regions for some suitable color points of light generated bycomponents of devices of the present disclosure;

and

FIG. 9 is a table of data of light output of light emitting diodessuitable for implementations of the present disclosure.

The general disclosure and the following further disclosure areexemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of thedisclosure, as defined in the appended claims. Other aspects of thepresent disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in viewof the details as provided herein. In the figures, like referencenumerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.All callouts and annotations are hereby incorporated by this referenceas if fully set forth herein.

FURTHER DISCLOSURE

Light emitting diode (LED) illumination has a plethora of advantagesover incandescent to fluorescent illumination. Advantages includelongevity, low energy consumption, and small size. White light isproduced from a combination of LEDs utilizing phosphors to convert thewavelengths of light produced by the LED into a preselected wavelengthor range of wavelengths.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides semiconductor lightemitting devices 100 that can have a plurality of light emitting diode(LED) strings. Each LED string can have one, or more than one, LED. Asdepicted schematically in FIG. 1, the device 100 may comprise one ormore LED strings (101A/101B/101C/101D) that emit light (schematicallyshown with arrows). In some instances, the LED strings can haverecipient luminophoric mediums (102A/102B/102C/102D) associatedtherewith. The light emitted from the LED strings, combined with lightemitted from the recipient luminophoric mediums, can be passed throughone or more optical elements 103. Optical elements 103 may be one ormore diffusers, lenses, light guides, reflective elements, orcombinations thereof.

A recipient luminophoric medium 102A, 102B, 102C, or 102D includes oneor more luminescent materials and is positioned to receive light that isemitted by an LED or other semiconductor light emitting device. In someimplementations, recipient luminophoric mediums include layers havingluminescent materials that are coated or sprayed directly onto asemiconductor light emitting device or on surfaces of the packagingthereof, and clear encapsulants that include luminescent materials thatare arranged to partially or fully cover a semiconductor light emittingdevice. A recipient luminophoric medium may include one medium layer orthe like in which one or more luminescent materials are mixed, multiplestacked layers or mediums, each of which may include one or more of thesame or different luminescent materials, and/or multiple spaced apartlayers or mediums, each of which may include the same or differentluminescent materials. Suitable encapsulants are known by those skilledin the art and have suitable optical, mechanical, chemical, and thermalcharacteristics. In some implementations, encapsulants can includedimethyl silicone, phenyl silicone, epoxies, acrylics, andpolycarbonates. In some implementations, a recipient luminophoric mediumcan be spatially separated (i.e., remotely located) from an LED orsurfaces of the packaging thereof, with luminescent materials disposedwithin a matrix material. The matrix material can be any materialcapable of retaining luminescent materials and capable of allowing lightto pass through it. In some implementations, such spatial segregationmay involve separation of a distance of at least about 1 mm, at leastabout 2 mm, at least about 5 mm, or at least about 10 mm. In certainembodiments, conductive thermal communication between a spatiallysegregated luminophoric medium and one or more electrically activatedemitters is not substantial. Luminescent materials can includephosphors, scintillators, day glow tapes, nanophosphors, inks that glowin visible spectrum upon illumination with light, semiconductor quantumdots, or combinations thereof.

As depicted schematically in FIG. 2, multiple solid state packages 200may be arranged in a single semiconductor light emitting device 100.Individual solid state emitter packages or groups of solid state emitterpackages (e.g., wired in series) may be separately controlled. Separatecontrol of individual emitters, groups of emitters, individual packages,or groups of packages, may be provided by independently applying drivecurrents to the relevant components with control elements known to thoseskilled in the art. In one embodiment, at least one control circuit 201a may include a current supply circuit configured to independently applyan on-state drive current to each individual solid state emitter, groupof solid state emitters, individual solid state emitter package, orgroup of solid state emitter packages. Such control may be responsive toa control signal (optionally including at least one sensor 202 arrangedto sense electrical, optical, and/or thermal properties and/orenvironmental conditions), and a control system 203 may be configured toselectively provide one or more control signals to the at least onecurrent supply circuit. In various embodiments, current to differentcircuits or circuit portions may be pre-set, user-defined, or responsiveto one or more inputs or other control parameters. The design andfabrication of semiconductor light emitting devices are well known tothose skilled in the art, and hence further description thereof will beomitted.

FIG. 3 illustrates a 1931 International Commission on Illumination (CIE)chromaticity diagram. The 1931 CIE Chromaticity diagram is atwo-dimensional chromaticity space in which every visible color isrepresented by a point having x- and y-coordinates. Fully saturated(monochromatic) colors appear on the outer edge of the diagram, whileless saturated colors (which represent a combination of wavelengths)appear on the interior of the diagram. The term “saturated”, as usedherein, means having a purity of at least 85%, the term “purity” havinga well-known meaning to persons skilled in the art, and procedures forcalculating purity being well-known to those of skill in the art. ThePlanckian locus, or black body locus (BBL), represented by line 150 onthe diagram, follows the color an incandescent black body would take inthe chromaticity space as the temperature of the black body changes fromabout 1000K to 10,000 K. The black body locus goes from deep red at lowtemperatures (about 1000 K) through orange, yellowish white, white, andfinally bluish white at very high temperatures. The temperature of ablack body radiator corresponding to a particular color in achromaticity space is referred to as the “correlated color temperature.”In general, light corresponding to a correlated color temperature (CCT)of about 2700 K to about 6500 K is considered to be “white” light. Inparticular, as used herein, “white light” generally refers to lighthaving a chromaticity point that is within a 10-step MacAdam ellipse ofa point on the black body locus having a CCT between 2700K and 6500K.However, it will be understood that tighter or looser definitions ofwhite light can be used if desired. For example, white light can referto light having a chromaticity point that is within a seven step MacAdamellipse of a point on the black body locus having a CCT between 2700Kand 6500K. The distance from the black body locus can be measured in theCIE 1960 chromaticity diagram, and is indicated by the symbol Δuv, orDUV. If the chromaticity point is above the Planckian locus the DUV isdenoted by a positive number; if the chromaticity point is below thelocus, DUV is indicated with a negative number. If the DUV issufficiently positive, the light source may appear greenish or yellowishat the same CCT. If the DUV is sufficiently negative, the light sourcecan appear to be purple or pinkish at the same CCT. Observers may preferlight above or below the Planckian locus for particular CCT values. DUVcalculation methods are well known by those of ordinary skill in the artand are more fully described in ANSI C78.377, American National Standardfor Electric Lamps—Specifications for the Chromaticity of Solid StateLighting (SSL) Products, which is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety for all purposes. A point representing the CIE StandardIlluminant D65 is also shown on the diagram. The D65 illuminant isintended to represent average daylight and has a CCT of approximately6500K and the spectral power distribution is described more fully inJoint ISO/CIE Standard, ISO 10526:1999/CIE S005/E-1998, CIE StandardIlluminants for Colorimetry, which is incorporated by reference hereinin its entirety for all purposes.

The light emitted by a light source may be represented by a point on achromaticity diagram, such as the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, havingcolor coordinates denoted (ccx, ccy) on the X-Y axes of the diagram. Aregion on a chromaticity diagram may represent light sources havingsimilar chromaticity coordinates.

In some exemplary implementations, the present disclosure providessemiconductor light emitting devices 100 that include a plurality of LEDstrings, with each LED string having a recipient luminophoric mediumthat comprises a luminescent material. The LED(s) in each string and theluminophoric medium in each string together emit an unsaturated lighthaving a color point within a color range in the 1931 CIE chromaticitydiagram. A “color range” in the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram refers toa bounded area defining a group of color coordinates (ccx, ccy).

In some implementations, four LED strings (101A/101B/101C/101D) arepresent in a device 100, and the LED strings can have recipientluminophoric mediums (102A/102B/102C/102D). A first LED string 101A anda first luminophoric medium 102A together can emit a first light havinga first color point within a blue color range. The combination of thefirst LED string 101A and the first luminophoric medium 102A are alsoreferred to herein as a “blue channel.” A second LED string 101B and asecond luminophoric medium 102B together can emit a second light havinga second color point within a red color range. The combination of thesecond LED string 101A and the second luminophoric medium 102A are alsoreferred to herein as a “red channel.” A third LED string 101C and athird luminophoric medium 102C together can emit a third light having athird color point within a yellow/green color range. The combination ofthe third LED string 101A and the third luminophoric medium 102A arealso referred to herein as a “yellow/green channel.” A fourth LED string101D and a fourth luminophoric medium 102D together can emit a fourthlight having a fourth color point within a cyan color range. Thecombination of the fourth LED string 101A and the fourth luminophoricmedium 102A are also referred to herein as a “cyan channel.” The first,second, third, and fourth LED strings 101A/101B/101C/101D can beprovided with independently applied on-state drive currents in order totune the intensity of the first, second, third, and fourth unsaturatedlight produced by each string and luminophoric medium together. Byvarying the drive currents in a controlled manner, the color coordinate(ccx, ccy) of the total light that is emitted from the device 100 can betuned. In some implementations, the device 100 can provide light atsubstantially the same color coordinate with different spectral powerdistribution profiles, which can result in different lightcharacteristics at the same CCT. In some implementations, white lightcan be generated in modes that only produce light from two or three ofthe LED strings. In one implementation, white light is generated usingonly the first, second, and third LED strings, i.e. the blue, red, andyellow/green channels. In another implementation, white light isgenerated using only the first, second, and fourth LED strings, i.e.,the blue, red, and cyan channels. In some implementations, only two ofthe LED strings are producing light during the generation of whitelight, as the other two LED strings are not necessary to generate whitelight at the desired color point with the desired color renderingperformance.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict suitable color ranges for someimplementations of the disclosure. FIG. 4A depicts a cyan color range304A defined by a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates (0.18,0.55) and (0.27, 0.72), the constant CCT line of 9000K, the Planckianlocus between 9000K and 4600K, the constant CCT line of 4600K, and thespectral locus. FIG. 4B depicts a yellow/green color range 303A definedby the constant CCT line of 4600K, the Planckian locus between 4600K and550K, the spectral locus, and a line connecting the ccx, ccy colorcoordinates (0.445, 0.555) and (0.38, 0.505). FIG. 4C depicts a bluecolor range 301A defined by a line connecting the ccx, ccy colorcoordinates of the infinity point of the Planckian locus (0.242, 0.24)and (0.12, 0.068), the Planckian locus from 4000K and infinite CCT, theconstant CCT line of 4000K, the line of purples, and the spectral locus.FIG. 4D depicts a red color range 302A defined by the spectral locusbetween the constant CCT line of 1600K and the line of purples, the lineof purples, a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates (0.61,0.21) and (0.47, 0.28), and the constant CCT line of 1600K. It should beunderstood that any gaps or openings in the described boundaries for thecolor ranges 301A, 302A, 303A, 304A should be closed with straight linesto connect adjacent endpoints in order to define a closed boundary foreach color range.

In some implementations, suitable color ranges can be narrower thanthose depicted in FIGS. 4A-4D. FIG. 5 depicts some suitable color rangesfor some implementations of the disclosure. A blue color range 301B canbe defined by a 60-step MacAdam ellipse at a CCT of 20000K, 40 pointsbelow the Planckian locus. A red color range 302B can be defined by a20-step MacAdam ellipse at a CCT of 1200K, 20 points below the Planckianlocus. A yellow/green color range 303B can be defined by a 16-stepMacAdam ellipse at a CCT of 3700K, 30 points above Planckian locus. Acyan color range 304B can be defined by 30-step MacAdam ellipse at a CCTof 6000K, 68 points above the Planckian locus. FIG. 6 depicts somefurther color ranges suitable for some implementations of thedisclosure: blue color range 301C, red color range 302C, yellow/greencolor range 303C, and cyan color range 304C.

In some implementations, the LEDs in the first, second, third and fourthLED strings can be LEDs with peak emission wavelengths at or below about535 nm. In some implementations, the LEDs emit light with peak emissionwavelengths between about 360 nm and about 535 nm. In someimplementations, the LEDs in the first, second, third and fourth LEDstrings can be formed from InGaN semiconductor materials. In somepreferred implementations, the first, second, and third LED strings canhave LEDs having a peak wavelength between about 405 nm and about 485nm. In some implementations the fourth LED string can have LEDs having apeak wavelength between about 485 nm and about 520 nm. The LEDs used inthe first, second, third, and fourth LED strings may have full-widthhalf-maximum wavelength ranges of between about 10 nm and about 30 nm.In some preferred implementations, the first, second, and third LEDstrings can include one or more LUXEON Z Color Line royal blue LEDs(product code LXZ1-PR01) of color bin codes 3, 4, 5, or 6 or one or moreLUXEON Z Color Line blue LEDs (LXZ1-PB01) of color bin code 1 or 2(Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands). In some preferredimplementations, the fourth LED string can have one or more LUXEON ZColor Line blue LEDs (LXZ1-PB01) of color bin code 5 or one or moreLUXEON Z Color Line cyan LEDs (LXZ1-PE01) color bin code 1, 2, 6, 7, 8,or 9 (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands). The wavelengthinformation for these color bins is provided in the table in FIG. 9.Similar LEDs from other manufacturers such as OSRAM GmbH and Cree, Inc.could also be used, provided they have peak emission and full-widthhalf-maximum wavelengths of the appropriate values.

In implementations utilizing LEDs that emit substantially saturatedlight at wavelengths between about 360 nm and about 535 nm, the device100 can include suitable recipient luminophoric mediums for each LED inorder to produce light having color points within the suitable bluecolor ranges 301A-C, red color ranges 302A-C, yellow/green color ranges303A-C, and cyan color ranges 304A-C described herein. The light emittedby each LED string, i.e., the light emitted from the LED(s) andassociated recipient luminophoric medium together, can have a spectralpower distribution (“SPD”) having spectral power with ratios of poweracross the visible wavelength spectrum from about 380 nm to about 780nm. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it isspeculated that the use of such LEDs in combination with recipientluminophoric mediums to create unsaturated light within the suitablecolor ranges 301A-C, 302A-C, 303A-C, and 304A-C provides for improvedcolor rendering performance for white light across a predetermined rangeof CCTs from a single device 100. Some suitable ranges for spectralpower distribution ratios of the light emitted by the four LED strings(101A/101B/101C/101D) and recipient luminophoric mediums(102A/102B/102C/102D) together are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The figuresshow the ratios of spectral power within wavelength ranges, with anarbitrary reference wavelength range selected for each color range andnormalized to a value of 100.0. FIGS. 7 and 8 show suitable minimum andmaximum values for the spectral intensities within various rangesrelative to the normalized range with a value of 100.0, for the colorpoints within the blue, cyan, yellow/green (“yag”), and red colorranges. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it isspeculated that because the spectral power distributions for generatedlight with color points within the blue, cyan, and yellow/green colorranges contains higher spectral intensity across visible wavelengths ascompared to lighting apparatuses and methods that utilize more saturatedcolors, this allows for improved color rendering.

Blends of luminescent materials can be used in luminophoric mediums(102A/102B/102C/102D) to create luminophoric mediums having the desiredsaturated color points when excited by their respective LED strings(101A/101B/101C/101D). Traditionally, any desired combined output lightcan be generated along a tie line between the LED string output lightcolor point and the saturated color point of the associated recipientluminophoric medium by utilizing different ratios of total luminescentmaterial to the encapsulant material in which it is incorporated.Increasing the amount of luminescent material in the optical path willshift the output light color point towards the saturated color point ofthe luminophoric medium. In some instances, the desired saturated colorpoint of a recipient luminophoric medium can be achieved by blending twoor more luminescent materials in a ratio. The appropriate ratios toachieve the desired saturated color point can be determined via methodsknown in the art. Generally speaking, any blend of luminescent materialscan be treated as if it were a single luminescent material, thus theratio of luminescent materials in the blend can be adjusted to continueto meet a target CIE value for LED strings having different peakemission wavelengths. Luminescent materials can be tuned for the desiredexcitation in response to the selected LEDs used in the LED strings(101A/101B/101C/101D), which may have different peak emissionwavelengths within the range of from about 360 nm to about 535 nm.Suitable methods for tuning the excitation and emission of luminescentmaterials are known in the art and may include altering theconcentrations of dopants within a phosphor, for example.

In some implementations of the present disclosure, luminophoric mediumscan be provided with combinations of two types of luminescent materials.The first type of luminescent material emits light at a peak emissionbetween about 515 nm and about 590 nm in response to the associated LEDstring emission. The second type of luminescent material emits at a peakemission between about 590 nm and about 700 nm in response to theassociated LED string emission. In some instances, the luminophoricmediums disclosed herein can be formed from a combination of at leastone luminescent material of the first and second types described in thisparagraph. In implementations, the luminescent materials of the firsttype can emit light at a peak emission at about 515 nm, 525 nm, 530 nm,535 nm, 540 nm, 545 nm, 550 nm, 555 nm, 560 nm, 565 nm, 570 nm, 575 nm,580 nm, 585 nm, or 590 nm in response to the associated LED stringemission. In preferred implementations, the luminescent materials of thefirst type can emit light at a peak emission between about 520 nm toabout 555 nm. In implementations, the luminescent materials of thesecond type can emit light at a peak emission at about 590 nm, about 595nm, 600 nm, 605 nm, 610 nm, 615 nm, 620 nm, 625 nm, 630 nm, 635 nm, 640nm, 645 nm, 650 nm, 655 nm, 670 nm, 675 nm, 680 nm, 685 nm, 690 nm, 695nm, or 670 nm in response to the associated LED string emission. Inpreferred implementations, the luminescent materials of the first typecan emit light at a peak emission between about 600 nm to about 670 nm.Some exemplary luminescent materials of the first and second type aredisclosed elsewhere herein and referred to as Compositions A-F.

In some implementations, the luminescent materials of the presentdisclosure may comprise one or more phosphors comprising one or more ofthe following materials: BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+, BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+,Mn2+,CaSiO3:Pb,Mn, CaWO4:Pb, MgWO4, Sr5Cl(PO4)3:Eu2+, Sr2P2O7:Sn2+,Sr6P5BO20:Eu, Ca5F(PO4)3:Sb, (Ba,Ti)2P2O7:Ti, Sr5F(PO4)3:Sb,Mn,(La,Ce,Tb)PO4:Ce,Tb, (Ca,Zn,Mg)3(PO4)2:Sn, (Sr,Mg)3(PO4)2:Sn, Y2O3:Eu3+,Mg4(F)GeO6:Mn, LaMgAl11O19:Ce, LaPO4:Ce, SrAl12O19:Ce, BaSi2O5:Pb,SrB4O7:Eu, Sr2MgSi2O7:Pb, Gd2O2S:Tb, Gd2O2S:Eu, Gd2O2S:Pr,Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce,F, Y2O2S:Tb, Y2O2S:Eu, Y2O2S:Pr, Zn(0.5)Cd(0.4)S:Ag,Zn(0.4)Cd(0.6)S:Ag, Y2SiO5:Ce, YAlO3:Ce, Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce, CdS:In,ZnO:Ga, ZnO:Zn, (Zn,Cd)S:Cu,Al, ZnCdS:Ag,Cu, ZnS:Ag, ZnS:Cu, NaI:Tl,CsI:Tl, 6LiF/ZnS:Ag, 6LiF/ZnS:Cu,Al,Au, ZnS:Cu,Al, ZnS:Cu,Au,Al,CaAlSiN3:Eu, (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu, (Ba,Ca,Sr,Mg)2SiO4:Eu, Lu3Al5O12:Ce,Eu3+(Gd0.9Y0.1)3Al5O12:Bi3+,Tb3+, Y3Al5O12:Ce, (La,Y)3Si6N11:Ce,Ca2AlSi3O2N5:Ce3+, Ca2AlSi3O2N5:Eu2+, BaMgAl10O17:Eu, Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu,(Ba,Ca,Sr,Mg)2SiO4:Eu, Sib−zAlzN8−zOz:Eu (wherein 0<z≤4.2);M3Si6O12N2:Eu (wherein M=alkaline earth metal element),(Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)Si2O2N2:Eu, Sr4Al14O25:Eu, (Ba,Sr,Ca)Al2O4:Eu,(Sr,Ba)Al2Si2O8:Eu, (Ba,Mg)2SiO4:Eu, (Ba,Sr,Ca)2(Mg, Zn)Si2O7:Eu,(Ba,Ca,Sr,Mg)9(Sc,Y,Lu,Gd)2(Si,Ge)6O24:Eu, Y2SiO5:CeTb,Sr2P2O7-Sr2B2O5:Eu, Sr2Si3O8-2SrC12:Eu, Zn2SiO4:Mn, CeMgAl11O19:Tb,Y3Al5O12:Tb, Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Tb, La3Ga5SiO14:Tb,(Sr,Ba,Ca)Ga2S4:Eu,Tb,Sm, Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce,(Y,Ga,Tb,La,Sm,Pau)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce, Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Ce,Ca3(Sc,Mg,Na,Li)2Si3O12:Ce, CaSc2O4:Ce, Eu-activated SrAl2O4:Eu,(La,Gd,Y)2O2S:Tb, CeLaPO4:Tb, ZnS:Cu,Al, ZnS:Cu,Au,Al,(Y,Ga,Lu,Sc,La)BO3:Ce,Tb, Na2Gd2B2O7:Ce,Tb,(Ba,Sr)2(Ca,Mg,Zn)B2O6:K,Ce,Tb, Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu,Mn,(Sr,Ca,Ba)(Al,Ga,In)2S4:Eu, (Ca,Sr)8 (Mg,Zn)(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu,Mn,M3Si6O9N4:Eu, Sr5Al5Si21O2N35:Eu, Sr3Si13Al3N21O2:Eu,(Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)2Si5N8:Eu, (La,Y)2O2S:Eu, (Y,La,Gd,Lu)2O2S:Eu, Y(V,P)O4:Eu,(Ba,Mg)2SiO4:Eu,Mn, (Ba,Sr, Ca,Mg)2SiO4:Eu,Mn, LiW2O8:Eu, LiW2O8:Eu,Sm,Eu2W2O9, Eu2W2O9:Nb and Eu2W2O9:Sm, (Ca,Sr)S:Eu, YAlO3:Eu,Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Eu, LiY9(SiO4)6O2:Eu, (Y,Gd)3Al5O12:Ce,(Tb,Gd)3Al5O12:Ce, (Mg,Ca, Sr,Ba)2Si5(N,O)8:Eu,(Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)Si(N,O)2:Eu, (Mg,Ca, Sr,Ba)AlSi(N,O)3:Eu,(Sr,Ca,Ba,Mg)10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu, Mn, Eu,Ba3MgSi2O8:Eu,Mn,(Ba,Sr,Ca,Mg)3(Zn,Mg)Si2O8:Eu,Mn, (k−x)MgO.xAF2.GeO2:yMn4+(wherein k=2.8to 5, x=0.1 to 0.7, y=0.005 to 0.015, A=Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn or a mixturethereof), Eu-activated α-Sialon, (Gd,Y,Lu,La)2O3:Eu, Bi,(Gd,Y,Lu,La)2O2S:Eu,Bi, (Gd,Y,Lu,La)VO4:Eu,Bi, SrY2S4:Eu,Ce,CaLa2S4:Ce,Eu, (Ba,Sr,Ca)MgP2O7:Eu, Mn, (Sr,Ca,Ba,Mg,Zn)2P2O7:Eu,Mn,(Y,Lu)2WO6:Eu,Ma, (Ba,Sr,Ca)xSiyNz:Eu,Ce (wherein x, y and z areintegers equal to or greater than 1),(Ca,Sr,Ba,Mg)10(PO4)6(F,Cl,Br,OH):Eu,Mn,((Y,Lu,Gd,Tb)1−x−yScxCey)2(Ca,Mg)(Mg,Zn)2+rSiz−qGeqO12+δ, SrAlSi4N7,Sr2Al2Si9O2N14:Eu, M1aM2bM3cOd (wherein M1=activator element includingat least Ce, M2=bivalent metal element, M3=trivalent metal element,0.0001≤a≤0.2, 0.8≤b≤1.2, 1.6≤c≤2.4 and 3.2≤d≤4.8), A2+xMyMnzFn (whereinA=Na and/or K; M=Si and Al, and −1≤x≤1, 0.9≤y+z≤1.1, 0.001≤z≤0.4 and5≤n≤7), KSF/KSNAF, or (La1−x−y, Eux, Lny)2O2S (wherein 0.02≤x≤0.50 and0≤y≤0.50, Ln=Y3+, Gd3+, Lu3+, Sc3+, Sm3+ or Er3+). In some preferredimplementations, the luminescent materials may comprise phosphorscomprising one or more of the following materials: CaAlSiN3:Eu,(Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu, BaMgAl10O17:Eu, (Ba,Ca,Sr,Mg)2SiO4:Eu, f3-SiAlON,Lu3Al5O12:Ce, Eu3+(Cd0.9Y0.1)3Al5O12:Bi3+,Tb3+, Y3Al5O12:Ce,La3Si6N11:Ce, (La,Y)3Si6N11:Ce, Ca2AlSi3O2N5:Ce3+,Ca2AlSi3O2N5:Ce3+,Eu2+, Ca2AlSi3O2N5:Eu2+, BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+,Sr4.5Eu0.5(PO4)3Cl, or M1aM2bM3cOd (wherein M1=activator elementcomprising Ce, M2=bivalent metal element, M3=trivalent metal element,0.0001≤a≤0.2, 0.8≤b≤1.2, 1.6≤c≤2.4 and 3.2≤d≤4.8). In further preferredimplementations, the luminescent materials may comprise phosphorscomprising one or more of the following materials: CaAlSiN3:Eu,BaMgAl10O17:Eu, Lu3Al5O12:Ce, or Y3Al5O12:Ce.

Luminescent materials can include an inorganic or organic phosphor;silicate-based phosphors; aluminate-based phosphors; aluminate-silicatephosphors; nitride phosphors; sulfate phosphor; oxy-nitrides andoxy-sulfate phosphors; or garnet materials. The phosphor materials arenot limited to any specific examples and can include any phosphormaterial known in the art with the desired emission spectra in responseto the selected excitation light source, i.e. the associated LED or LEDsthat produce light that impacts the recipient luminophoric medium. Thed50 (average diameter) value of the particle size of the phosphorluminescent materials can be between about 1 μm and about 50 preferablybetween about 10 μm and about 20 and more preferably between about 13.5μm and about 18 Quantum dots are also known in the art. The color oflight produced is from the quantum confinement effect associated withthe nano-crystal structure of the quantum dots. The energy level of eachquantum dot relates directly to the size of the quantum dot. Suitablesemiconductor materials for quantum dots are known in the art and mayinclude materials formed from elements from groups II-V, II-VI, or IV-VIin particles having core, core/shell, or core/shells structures and withor without surface-modifying ligands.

Tables 1 and 2 shows aspects of some exemplary luminescent compositionsand properties, referred to as Compositions “A”-“F”.

TABLE 1 Exemplary Embodiment Suitable Ranges Emission Emission FWHMExemplary density Peak FWHM Peak Range Range Material(s) (g/mL) (nm)(nm) (nm) (nm) Composition Luag: Cerium  6.73 535 95 530-540  90-100 “A”doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu₃Al₅O₁₂) Composition Yag: Cerium doped4.7 550 110 545-555 105-115 “B” yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂)Composition a 650 nm-peak 3.1 650 90 645-655 85-95 “C” wavelengthemission phosphor: Europium doped calcium aluminum silica nitride(CaAlSiN₃) Composition a 525 nm-peak 3.1 525 60 520-530 55-65 “D”wavelength emission phosphor: GBAM: BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu Composition a 630nm-peak 5.1 630 40 625-635 35-45 “E” wavelength emission quantum dot:any semiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for desiredemission wavelengths Composition a 610 nm-peak 5.1 610 40 605-615 35-45“F” wavelength emission quantum dot: any semiconductor quantum dotmaterial of appropriate size for desired emission wavelengths Matrix “M”Silicone binder 1.1 mg/mm³

TABLE 2 Implementation 1 Implementation 2 Exemplary particle refractiveparticle refractive Designator Material(s) size (d50) index size indexComposition “A” Luag: Cerium doped 18.0 μm 1.84 40 μm 1.8 lutetiumaluminum garnet (Lu₃Al₅O₁₂) Composition “B” Yag: Cerium doped 13.5 μm1.82 30 μm 1.85 yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂) Composition “C” a 650nm-peak 15.0 μm 1.8 10 μm 1.8 wavelength emission phosphor: Europiumdoped calcium aluminum silica nitride (CaAlSiN₃) Composition “D” a 525nm-peak 15.0 μm 1.8 n/a n/a wavelength emission phosphor: GBAM:BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu Composition “E” a 630 nm-peak 10.0 nm 1.8 n/a n/awavelength emission quantum dot: any semiconductor quantum dot materialof appropriate size for desired emission wavelengths Composition “F” a610 nm-peak 10.0 nm 1.8 n/a n/a wavelength emission quantum dot: anysemiconductor quantum dot material of appropriate size for desiredemission wavelengths Matrix “M” Silicone binder 1.545 1.545

Blends of Compositions A-F can be used in luminophoric mediums(102A/102B/102C/102D) to create luminophoric mediums having the desiredsaturated color points when excited by their respective LED strings(101A/101B/101C/101D). In some implementations, one or more blends ofone or more of Compositions A-F can be used to produce luminophoricmediums (102A/102B/102C/102D). In some preferred implementations, one ormore of Compositions A, B, and D and one or more of Compositions C, E,and F can be combined to produce luminophoric mediums(102A/102B/102C/102D). In some preferred implementations, theencapsulant for luminophoric mediums (102A/102B/102C/102D) comprises amatrix material having density of about 1.1 mg/mm3 and refractive indexof about 1.545. Other matrix materials having refractive indices ofbetween about 1.4 and about 1.6 can also be used in someimplementations. In some implementations, Composition A can have arefractive index of about 1.82 and a particle size from about 18micrometers to about 40 micrometers. In some implementations,Composition B can have a refractive index of about 1.84 and a particlesize from about 13 micrometers to about 30 micrometers. In someimplementations, Composition C can have a refractive index of about 1.8and a particle size from about 10 micrometers to about 15 micrometers.In some implementations, Composition D can have a refractive index ofabout 1.8 and a particle size from about 10 micrometers to about 15micrometers. Suitable phosphor materials for Compositions A, B, C, and Dare commercially available from phosphor manufacturers such asMitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), IntematixCorporation (Fremont, Calif.), EMD Performance Materials of Merck KGaA(Darmstadt, Germany), and PhosphorTech Corporation (Kennesaw, Ga.).

In some implementations, Composition A can be selected from the “BG-801”product series sold by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. The BG-801series is provided as cerium doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu3Al5O12).For some implementations, other phosphor materials are also suitable andcan have peak emission wavelengths of between about 530 nm and about 560nm, FWHM of between about 90 nm and about 110 nm, and particle sizes(d50) of between about 10 μm and about 50 μm.

In some implementations, Composition B can be selected from the “BY-102”or “BY-202” product series sold by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. TheBY-102 series is provided as cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Y3Al5O12). The BY-202 series is provided as (La,Y)3Si6N11:Ce. For someimplementations, other phosphor materials are also suitable and can havepeak emission wavelengths of between about 545 nm and about 560 nm, FWHMof between about 90 nm and about 115 nm, and particle sizes (d50) ofbetween about 10 μm and about 50 μm.

In some implementations, Composition C can be selected from the“BR-101”, “BR-102”, or “BR-103” product series sold by MitsubishiChemical Corporation. The BR-101 series is provided as europium dopedcalcium aluminum silica nitride (CaAlSiN3). The BR-102 series isprovided as europium doped strontium substituted calcium aluminum silicanitride (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3. The BR-103 series is provided as europium dopedstrontium substituted calcium aluminum silica nitride (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3. Forsome implementations, other phosphor materials are also suitable and canhave peak emission wavelengths of between about 610 nm and about 650 nm,FWHM of between about 80 nm and about 105 nm, and particle sizes (d50)of between about 5 μm and about 50 μm.

In some implementations, Composition D can be selected from the “VG-401”product series sold by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. The VG-401series is provided as GBAM: BaMgAl10O17:Eu. For some implementations,other phosphor materials are also suitable and can have peak emissionwavelengths of between about 510 nm and about 540 nm, FWHM of betweenabout 45 nm and about 75 nm, and particle sizes (d50) of between about 5μm and about 50 μm.

EXAMPLES General Simulation Method.

Devices having four LED strings with particular color points weresimulated. For each device, four LED strings and recipient luminophoricmediums with particular emissions were selected, and spectral powerdistributions for the resulting four channels (blue, red, yellow/green,and cyan) were calculated.

The calculations were performed with Scilab (Scilab Enterprises,Versailles, France), LightTools (Synopsis, Inc., Mountain View, Calif.),and custom software created using Python (Python Software Foundation,Beaverton, Oreg.). Each LED string was simulated with an LED emissionspectrum and excitation and emission spectra of luminophoric medium(s).For luminophoric mediums comprising phosphors, the simulations alsoincluded the absorption spectrum and particle size of phosphorparticles. The LED strings generating combined emissions within blue,red and yellow/green color regions were prepared using spectra of aLUXEON Z Color Line royal blue LED (product code LXZ1-PR01) of color bincodes 3, 4, 5, or 6 or a LUXEON Z Color Line blue LED (LXZ1-PB01) ofcolor bin code 1 or 2 (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands).The LED strings generating combined emissions with color points withinthe cyan regions were prepared using spectra of a LUXEON Z Color Lineblue LED (LXZ1-PB01) of color bin code 5 or LUXEON Z Color Line cyan LED(LXZ1-PE01) color bin code 1, 8, or 9 (Lumileds Holding B.V., Amsterdam,Netherlands). Similar LEDs from other manufacturers such as OSRAM GmbHand Cree, Inc. could also be used.

The luminophoric mediums used in the following examples were calculatedas combinations of one or more of Compositions A, B, and D and one ormore of Compositions C, E, and F as described more fully elsewhereherein. Those of skill in the art appreciate that various combinationsof LEDs and luminophoric blends can be combined to generate combinedemissions with desired color points on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagramand the desired spectral power distributions.

Example 1

A semiconductor light emitting device was simulated having four LEDstrings. A first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emissionwavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes arecipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of ablue color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram color point of(0.2625, 0.1763). A second LED string is driven by a blue LED havingpeak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combinedemission of a red color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram colorpoint of (0.5842, 0.3112). A third LED string is driven by a blue LEDhaving peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates acombined emission of a yellow/green color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.4482, 0.5258). A fourth LEDstring is driven by a cyan LED having a peak emission wavelength ofapproximately 505 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, andgenerates a combined emission of a cyan color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.3258, 0.5407). Table 3 belowshows the spectral power distributions for the blue, red, yellow-green,and cyan color points generated by the device of this Example, withspectral power shown within wavelength ranges in nanometers from 380 nmto 780 nm, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected foreach color range and normalized to a value of 100.0:

TABLE 3 380- 421- 461- 501- 541- 581- 621- 661- 701- 741- 420 460 500540 580 620 660 700 740 780 Blue 0.4 100.0 20.9 15.2 25.3 26.3 25.1 13.95.2 1.6 Red 0.0 9.6 2.0 1.4 9.0 48.5 100.0 73.1 29.5 9.0 Yellow-Green1.0 1.1 5.7 75.8 100.0 83.6 69.6 40.9 15.6 4.7 Cyan 0.1 0.5 53.0 100.065.0 41.6 23.1 11.6 4.2 0.6

Tables 4 and 5 show exemplary luminophoric mediums suitable for therecipient luminophoric mediums for the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyanchannels of this Example, using the Compositions A-F from Implementation1 or Implementation 2 as described in Tables 1 and 2 above.

TABLE 4 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 1” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 1 1.54 0.87 97.60 Blue Blend 2 1.68 1.89 96.43 Blue Blend 31.35 0.58 1.49 96.58 Blue Blend 4 1.84 1.34 96.82 Blue Blend 5 0.86 1.510.93 96.69 Blue Blend 6 0.89 1.73 0.35 97.03 Blue Blend 7 1.34 1.1197.55 Red Blend 1 1.66 24.23 74.11 Red Blend 2 1.96 24.72 73.32 RedBlend 3 0.00 3.43 26.48 70.10 Red Blend 4 21.36 1.70 76.94 Red Blend 50.80 24.49 1.22 73.49 Red Blend 6 0.22 12.74 11.75 75.28 Red Blend 70.07 15.34 7.90 76.70 Yellow/Green Blend 1 54.92 1.82 43.26 Yellow/GreenBlend 2 56.18 3.90 0.07 39.86 Yellow/Green Blend 3 2.49 20.51 77.00Yellow/Green Blend 4 5.21 5.34 46.86 42.59 Yellow/Green Blend 5 38.631.55 1.84 57.98 Cyan Blend 1 4.45 9.16 86.38 Cyan Blend 2 6.29 11.6782.03 Cyan Blend 3 2.03 3.16 9.94 84.86 Cyan Blend 4 6.30 4.42 89.28Cyan Blend 5 3.30 6.93 1.41 88.36 Cyan Blend 6 9.12 11.67 9.29 69.92Cyan Blend 7 4.82 9.43 6.60 79.15

TABLE 5 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 2” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 8 1.13 1.12 97.75 Blue Blend 9 0.73 2.38 96.89 Blue Blend 100.1 0.14 1.6 97.16 Red Blend 8 0.58 16.23 83.19 Red Blend 9 0.42 16.6382.95 Red Blend 10 1.79 3.09 17.6 77.52 Yellow/Green Blend 6 94.48 0.043.51 1.97 Cyan Blend 8 3.07 3.67 93.26 Cyan Blend 9 5.32 4.2 90.48

Example 2

A semiconductor light emitting device was simulated having four LEDstrings. A first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emissionwavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes arecipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of ablue color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram color point of(0.2625, 0.1763). A second LED string is driven by a blue LED havingpeak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combinedemission of a red color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram colorpoint of (0.5842, 0.3112). A third LED string is driven by a blue LEDhaving peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates acombined emission of a yellow/green color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.5108, 0.4708). A fourth LEDstring is driven by a cyan LED having a peak emission wavelength ofapproximately 505 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, andgenerates a combined emission of a cyan color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.3258, 0.5407). Table 6 belowshows the spectral power distributions for the blue, red, yellow-green,and cyan color points generated by the device of this Example, withspectral power shown within wavelength ranges in nanometers from 380 nmto 780 nm, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected foreach color range and normalized to a value of 100.0:

TABLE 6 380- 421- 461- 501- 541- 581- 621- 661- 701- 741- 420 460 500540 580 620 660 700 740 780 Blue 0.3 100.0 196.1 33.0 40.3 38.2 34.220.4 7.8 2.3 Red 0.0 157.8 2.0 1.4 9.0 48.5 100.0 73.1 29.5 9.0Yellow-Green 0.0 1.0 4.2 56.6 100.0 123.4 144.9 88.8 34.4 10.5 Cyan 0.10.5 53.0 100.0 65.0 41.6 23.1 11.6 4.2 0.6

Tables 7 and 8 show exemplary luminophoric mediums suitable for therecipient luminophoric mediums for the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyanchannels of this Example, using the Compositions A-F from Implementation1 or Implementation 2 as described in Tables 1 and 2 above.

TABLE 7 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 1” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 1 1.54 0.87 97.59 Blue Blend 2 1.34 1.11 97.55 Blue Blend 31.68 1.89 96.43 Blue Blend 4 1.35 0.58 1.49 96.58 Blue Blend 5 1.84 1.3496.82 Blue Blend 6 0.86 1.51 0.93 96.69 Blue Blend 7 0.89 1.73 0.3597.03 Red Blend 1 1.66 24.23 74.11 Red Blend 2 0.07 15.34 7.90 76.70 RedBlend 3 1.96 24.72 73.32 Red Blend 4 3.43 26.48 70.10 Red Blend 5 21.361.70 76.94 Red Blend 6 0.80 24.49 1.22 73.49 Red Blend 7 0.22 12.7411.75 75.28 Yellow/Green Blend 1 50.54 0.02 49.44 Yellow/Green Blend 237.70 1.40 0.61 60.28 Yellow/Green Blend 3 43.22 15.08 41.70Yellow/Green Blend 4 6.51 19.90 73.59 Yellow/Green Blend 5 5.01 15.8937.71 41.39 Yellow/Green Blend 6 24.41 9.45 11.02 55.11 Cyan Blend 14.45 9.16 86.38 Cyan Blend 2 4.82 9.43 6.60 79.15 Cyan Blend 3 6.2911.67 82.03 Cyan Blend 4 2.03 3.16 9.94 84.86 Cyan Blend 5 6.30 4.4289.28 Cyan Blend 6 3.30 6.93 1.41 88.36 Cyan Blend 7 9.12 11.67 9.2969.92

TABLE 8 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 2” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 8 0 1.13 1.12 97.75 Blue Blend 9 0.73 0 2.38 96.89 Blue Blend10 0.1 0.14 1.6 98.16 Red Blend 8 0 0.58 16.23 83.19 Red Blend 9 0.42 016.63 82.95 Red Blend 10 1.79 3.09 17.6 77.52 Cyan Blend 8 0 3.07 3.6793.26 Cyan Blend 9 5.32 0 4.2 90.48

Example 3

A semiconductor light emitting device was simulated having four LEDstrings. A first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emissionwavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes arecipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of ablue color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram color point of(0.2219, 0.1755). A second LED string is driven by a blue LED havingpeak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combinedemission of a red color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram colorpoint of (0.5702, 0.3869). A third LED string is driven by a blue LEDhaving peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates acombined emission of a yellow/green color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.3722, 0.4232). A fourth LEDstring is driven by a cyan LED having a peak emission wavelength ofapproximately 505 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, andgenerates a combined emission of a cyan color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.3704, 0.5083). Table 9 belowshows the spectral power distributions for the blue, red, yellow-green,and cyan color points generated by the device of this Example, withspectral power shown within wavelength ranges in nanometers from 380 nmto 780 nm, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected foreach color range and normalized to a value of 100.0:

TABLE 9 380- 421- 461- 501- 541- 581- 621- 661- 701- 741- 420 460 500540 580 620 660 700 740 780 Blue 8.1 100.0 188.1 35.6 40.0 70.0 80.212.4 2.3 1.0 Red 0.7 2.1 4.1 12.2 20.5 51.8 100.0 74.3 29.3 8.4Yellow-Green 1.0 25.3 52.7 77.5 100.0 80.5 62.0 35.1 13.3 4.0 Cyan 0.41.5 55.5 100.0 65.3 59.9 57.1 35.0 13.5 4.1

Tables 10 and 11 show exemplary luminophoric mediums suitable for therecipient luminophoric mediums for the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyanchannels of this Example, using the Compositions A-F from Implementation1 or Implementation 2 as described in Tables 1 and 2 above.

TABLE 10 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 1” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 1 1.47 98.53 Blue Blend 2 1.39 0.01 98.60 Blue Blend 3 1.840.55 97.60 Blue Blend 4 1.54 0.55 0.07 97.84 Blue Blend 5 0.79 1.4997.72 Blue Blend 6 0.74 0.31 1.33 97.63 Blue Blend 7 1.21 0.66 98.13 RedBlend 1 11.66 21.77 66.57 Red Blend 2 5.59 17.46 7.21 69.74 Red Blend 313.17 25.45 61.38 Red Blend 4 6.47 7.75 24.90 60.88 Red Blend 5 16.558.34 75.11 Red Blend 6 2.37 24.60 11.89 61.13 Red Blend 7 4.57 16.5112.47 66.44 Yellow/Green Blend 1 16.75 2.44 80.81 Yellow/Green Blend 232.98 8.23 0.06 58.73 Yellow/Green Blend 3 2.90 7.46 89.64 Yellow/GreenBlend 4 0.79 4.25 17.43 77.53 Yellow/Green Blend 5 10.62 1.98 2.24 85.17Cyan Blend 1 16.88 83.12 Cyan Blend 2 2.29 16.58 8.02 73.11 Cyan Blend 35.00 16.18 78.82 Cyan Blend 4 0.43 2.74 15.68 81.14 Cyan Blend 5 12.051.75 86.20 Cyan Blend 6 0.03 10.52 2.79 86.66 Cyan Blend 7 4.98 14.4212.74 67.86

TABLE 11 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 2” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 8 1.06 98.94 Blue Blend 9 0.88 0.64 98.48 Blue Blend 10 2.921.62 95.46 Red Blend 8 4.02 13.36 82.62 Red Blend 9 3.25 15.67 81.08 RedBlend 10 16.56 15.37 16.88 51.19 Yellow Blend 6 39.09 3.06 1.16 56.69Cyan Blend 8 2.0 6.71 91.29 Cyan Blend 9 3.83 6.51 89.66

Example 4

A semiconductor light emitting device was simulated having four LEDstrings. A first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emissionwavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes arecipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of ablue color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram color point of(0.2387, 0.1692). A second LED string is driven by a blue LED havingpeak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combinedemission of a red color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram colorpoint of (0.5563, 0.3072). A third LED string is driven by a blue LEDhaving peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates acombined emission of a yellow/green color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.4494, 0.5161). A fourth LEDstring is driven by a cyan LED having a peak emission wavelength ofapproximately 505 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, andgenerates a combined emission of a cyan color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.3548, 0.5484). Table 12 belowshows the spectral power distributions for the blue, red, yellow-green,and cyan color points generated by the device of this Example, withspectral power shown within wavelength ranges in nanometers from 380 nmto 780 nm, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected foreach color range and normalized to a value of 100.0:

TABLE 12 380- 421- 461- 501- 541- 581- 621- 661- 701- 741- 420 460 500540 580 620 660 700 740 780 Blue 1.9 100.0 34.4 32.1 40.5 29.0 15.4 5.92.8 1.5 Red 14.8 10.5 6.7 8.7 8.7 102.8 100.0 11.0 1.5 1.1 Yellow-Green1.1 2.3 5.9 61.0 100.0 85.0 51.0 12.6 3.2 1.0 Cyan 0.7 1.6 39.6 100.080.4 53.0 24.9 9.5 3.3 1.2

Tables 13 and 14 show exemplary luminophoric mediums suitable for therecipient luminophoric mediums for the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyanchannels of this Example, using the Compositions A-F from Implementation1 or Implementation 2 as described in Tables 1 and 2 above.

TABLE 13 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 1” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 1 1.49 0.13 98.38 Blue Blend 2 1.46 0.15 98.39 Blue Blend 31.63 1.12 97.24 Blue Blend 4 1.36 0.53 0.71 97.41 Blue Blend 5 1.24 1.3497.43 Blue Blend 6 0.75 0.84 1.04 97.37 Blue Blend 7 0.99 1.27 97.74 RedBlend 1 2.18 20.26 77.55 Red Blend 2 0.40 13.83 5.57 80.20 Red Blend 32.57 20.93 76.50 Red Blend 4 0.68 2.15 22.07 75.10 Red Blend 5 17.502.11 80.40 Red Blend 6 1.62 20.45 0.85 77.07 Red Blend 7 0.47 11.38 9.4878.67 Yellow/Green Blend 1 46.13 3.33 50.54 Yellow/Green Blend 2 74.8515.25 0.09 9.81 Yellow/Green Blend 3 2.99 18.14 78.87 Yellow/Green Blend4 5.55 5.59 38.75 50.11 Yellow/Green Blend 5 32.93 2.40 3.11 61.56 CyanBlend 1 12.31 8.97 78.72 Cyan Blend 2 18.36 7.33 1.03 73.28 Cyan Blend 317.39 14.53 68.08 Cyan Blend 4 1.58 16.41 6.74 75.27 Cyan Blend 5 4.426.30 89.28 Cyan Blend 6 9.00 1.00 8.02 81.98 Cyan Blend 7 25.77 11.288.70 54.26

TABLE 14 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 2” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 8 1.06 98.94 Blue Blend 9 0.76 1.45 97.79 Blue Blend 10 0.080.12 1.52 98.28 Red Blend 8 0.74 14.13 85.13 Red Blend 9 0.6 14.65 84.75Red Blend 10 3.07 3.52 14.75 78.66 Cyan Blend 8 6.31 1.13 92.56 CyanBlend 9 10.0 2.5 87.50

Example 5

A semiconductor light emitting device was simulated having four LEDstrings. A first LED string is driven by a blue LED having peak emissionwavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm, utilizes arecipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combined emission of ablue color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram color point of(0.2524, 0.223). A second LED string is driven by a blue LED having peakemission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately 455 nm,utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates a combinedemission of a red color point with a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram colorpoint of (0.5941, 0.3215). A third LED string is driven by a blue LEDhaving peak emission wavelength of approximately 450 nm to approximately455 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, and generates acombined emission of a yellow/green color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.4338, 0.5195). A fourth LEDstring is driven by a cyan LED having a peak emission wavelength ofapproximately 505 nm, utilizes a recipient luminophoric medium, andgenerates a combined emission of a cyan color point with a 1931 CIEchromaticity diagram color point of (0.3361, 0.5257). Table 15 belowshows the spectral power distributions for the blue, red, yellow-green,and cyan color points generated by the device of this Example, withspectral power shown within wavelength ranges in nanometers from 380 nmto 780 nm, with an arbitrary reference wavelength range selected foreach color range and normalized to a value of 100.0:

TABLE 15 380- 421- 461- 501- 541- 581- 621- 661- 701- 741- 420 460 500540 580 620 660 700 740 780 Blue 1.9 100.0 34.4 32.1 40.5 29.0 15.4 5.92.8 1.5 Red 0.2 8.5 3.0 5.5 9.5 60.7 100.0 1.8 0.5 0.3 Yellow-Green 0.85.6 6.3 73.4 100.0 83.8 48.4 19.5 6.5 2.0 Cyan 0.2 1.4 58.6 100.0 62.047.5 28.2 6.6 1.8 0.6

Tables 16 and 17 show exemplary luminophoric mediums suitable for therecipient luminophoric mediums for the blue, red, yellow/green, and cyanchannels of this Example, using the Compositions A-F from Implementation1 or Implementation 2 as described in Tables 1 and 2 above.

TABLE 16 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 1” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 1 2.29 97.70 Blue Blend 2 2.46 0.15 97.39 Blue Blend 3 3.010.99 95.99 Blue Blend 4 2.34 1.01 0.29 96.35 Blue Blend 5 1.25 2.2096.55 Blue Blend 6 1.25 0.60 2.09 96.06 Blue Blend 7 1.88 1.16 96.96 RedBlend 1 2.12 26.06 71.82 Red Blend 2 0.24 16.36 9.03 74.37 Red Blend 32.43 26.68 70.89 Red Blend 4 1.02 1.64 28.61 68.72 Red Blend 5 22.602.22 75.19 Red Blend 6 1.11 26.37 1.45 71.07 Red Blend 7 0.38 13.7912.99 72.84 Yellow/Green Blend 1 42.76 1.82 55.43 Yellow/Green Blend 244.06 3.54 0.05 52.35 Yellow/Green Blend 3 2.60 16.60 80.80 Yellow/GreenBlend 4 3.59 4.91 38.01 53.50 Yellow/Green Blend 5 30.44 1.49 1.87 66.20Cyan Blend 1 1.51 11.87 86.62 Cyan Blend 2 2.55 10.92 9.29 77.25 CyanBlend 3 2.06 12.75 85.19 Cyan Blend 4 3.42 10.40 86.17 Cyan Blend 5 8.172.54 89.29 Cyan Blend 6 0.63 1.67 8.85 88.85 Cyan Blend 7 4.97 12.5810.32 72.12

TABLE 17 Volumetric Ratios - Using “Implementation 2” Compositions fromTables 1 and 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. A B C D E F MatrixBlue Blend 8 1.42 0.03 98.55 Blue Blend 9 1.25 1.2 97.55 Blue Blend 100.135 0.135 1.080 98.65 Red Blend 8 0.74 17.04 82.22 Red Blend 9 0.5817.52 81.90 Red Blend 10 2.3 3.97 18.94 74.79 Cyan Blend 8 2.01 5.3892.61 Cyan Blend 9 3.65 5.55 90.80

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a variety ofmaterials can be used in the manufacturing of the components in thedevices and systems disclosed herein. Any suitable structure and/ormaterial can be used for the various features described herein, and askilled artisan will be able to select an appropriate structures andmaterials based on various considerations, including the intended use ofthe systems disclosed herein, the intended arena within which they willbe used, and the equipment and/or accessories with which they areintended to be used, among other considerations. Conventional polymeric,metal-polymer composites, ceramics, and metal materials are suitable foruse in the various components. Materials hereinafter discovered and/ordeveloped that are determined to be suitable for use in the features andelements described herein would also be considered acceptable.

When ranges are used herein for physical properties, such as molecularweight, or chemical properties, such as chemical formulae, allcombinations, and subcombinations of ranges for specific exemplartherein are intended to be included.

The disclosures of each patent, patent application, and publicationcited or described in this document are hereby incorporated herein byreference, in its entirety.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that numerous changesand modifications can be made to the exemplars of the disclosure andthat such changes and modifications can be made without departing fromthe spirit of the disclosure. It is, therefore, intended that theappended claims cover all such equivalent variations as fall within thetrue spirit and scope of the disclosure.

1-29. (canceled)
 30. A white-light-emitting device comprising: a firstLED, a second LED, and a third LED, each configured to emit lightthrough an optical element, the light having a peak wavelength ofbetween about 385 nm and about 485 nm, and the optical elementcomprising at least one of a diffuser, lens, light guide, and reflectiveelement; a first recipient luminophoric medium associated with the firstLED and configured to provide a first combined light when excited by thefirst LED, the first recipient luminphoric medium comprised of one ormore luminescent materials and matrix in a first ratio to produce thefirst combined light in a blue color range on 1931 CIE diagram; a secondrecipient luminophoric medium associated with the second LED andconfigured to provide a second combined light when excited by the secondLED, the second recipient luminphoric medium comprised of one or moreluminescent materials and matrix in a second ratio to produce the secondcombined light in a red color range on 1931 CIE diagram; a thirdrecipient luminophoric medium associated with the third LED andconfigured to provide a third combined light when excited by the thirdLED, the third recipient luminphoric medium comprised of one or moreluminescent materials and matrix in a third ratio to produce the thirdcombined light in a yellow/green color range on 1931 CIE diagram; afourth LED configured to emit light with a peak wavelength of betweenabout 465 nm and about 520 nm; a fourth recipient luminophoric mediumassociated with the fourth LED and configured to provide a fourthcombined light when excited by the fourth LED, the fourth recipientluminphoric medium comprised of one or more luminescent materials andmatrix in a fourth ratio to produce the fourth combined light in a cyancolor range on 1931 CIE diagram; wherein the luminescent materialswithin each of the first, second, third, and fourth luminophoric mediumscomprise one or more of a first type of luminescent material that emitslight at a peak emission between about 515 nm and 590 nm in response tothe associated LED light emission; and, wherein the luminescentmaterials within each of the first, second, third, and fourthluminophoric mediums comprise one or more of a second type ofluminescent material that emits light at a peak emission between about590 nm and about 700 nm in response to the associated LED lightemission.
 31. The white-light-emitting device of claim 30, wherein oneor more of: the blue color range comprises a range defined by a lineconnecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates of the infinity point of thePlanckian locus (0.242, 0.24) and (0.12, 0.068), the Planckian locusfrom 4000K and infinite CCT, the constant CCT line of 4000K, the line ofpurples, and the spectral locus; the red color range comprises a rangedefined by the spectral locus between the constant CCT line of 1600K andthe line of purples, the line of purples, a line connecting the ccx, ccycolor coordinates (0.61, 0.21) and (0.47, 0.28), and the constant CCTline of 1600K; the yellow/green color range comprises a range defined bythe constant CCT line of 4600K, the Planckian locus between 4600K and550K, the spectral locus, and a line connecting the ccx, ccy colorcoordinates (0.445, 0.555) and (0.38, 0.505); and the cyan color rangecomprises a range defined by a line connecting the ccx, ccy colorcoordinates (0.18, 0.55) and (0.27, 0.72), the constant CCT line of9000K, the Planckian locus between 9000K and 4600K, the constant CCTline of 4600K, and the spectral locus.
 32. The white-light-emittingdevice of claim 30, wherein: the blue color range comprises a rangedefined by a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates of theinfinity point of the Planckian locus (0.242, 0.24) and (0.12, 0.068),the Planckian locus from 4000K and infinite CCT, the constant CCT lineof 4000K, the line of purples, and the spectral locus; the red colorrange comprises a range defined by the spectral locus between theconstant CCT line of 1600K and the line of purples, the line of purples,a line connecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates (0.61, 0.21) and (0.47,0.28), and the constant CCT line of 1600K; the yellow/green color rangecomprises a range defined by the constant CCT line of 4600K, thePlanckian locus between 4600K and 550K, the spectral locus, and a lineconnecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates (0.445, 0.555) and (0.38,0.505); and the cyan color range comprises a range defined by a lineconnecting the ccx, ccy color coordinates (0.18, 0.55) and (0.27, 0.72),the constant CCT line of 9000K, the Planckian locus between 9000K and4600K, the constant CCT line of 4600K, and the spectral locus.
 33. Thewhite-light-emitting device of claim 30, wherein one or more of: therelative spectral power distribution of the first combined light is 100%for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, between 27.0% and 65.1% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, between 24.8% and 46.4% forwavelengths between 601 nm to 700 nm, between 1.1% to 6.8% forwavelengths between 701 nm to 780 nm; the relative spectral powerdistribution of the second combined light is between 3.3% and 17.4% forwavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, between 8.9% and 24.8% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 601nm to 700 nm, between 1.1% to 18.1% for wavelengths between 701 nm to780 nm; the relative spectral power distribution of the third combinedlight is between 2.4% and 35.8% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, between 61.2% and142.0% for wavelengths between 601 nm to 700 nm, between 7.9% to 21.1%for wavelengths between 701 nm to 780 nm; and the relative spectralpower distribution of the first combined light is between 19.9% and32.2% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, 100% for wavelengthsbetween 501 nm to 600 nm, between 14.7% and 42.4% for wavelengthsbetween 601 nm to 700 nm, between 1.3% to 6.1% for wavelengths between701 nm to 780 nm.
 34. The white-light-emitting device of claim 30,wherein one or more of: the relative spectral power distribution of thefirst combined light is between 0.3% to 8.1% for wavelengths between 380nm and 420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between20.9% and 196.1% for wavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 15.2%to 35.6% for wavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, between 25.3% to40.5% for wavelengths between 541 nm to 580 nm, between 26.3% and 70.0%for wavelengths between 581 nm to 620 nm, between 15.4% to 80.2% forwavelengths between 621 nm to 660 nm, between 5.9% to 20.4% forwavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm, between 2.3% to 7.8% forwavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between 1.0% to 2.3% forwavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; the relative spectral powerdistribution of the second combined light is between 0.0% to 14.8% forwavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between 2.1% to 157.8% forwavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 2.0% to 6.7% forwavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 1.4% to 12.2% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, between 8.7% to 20.5% forwavelengths between 541 nm to 580 nm, between 48.5% and 102.8% forwavelengths between 581 nm to 620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621nm to 660 nm, between 1.8% to 74.3% for wavelengths between 661 nm to700 nm, between 0.5% to 29.5% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm,between 0.3% to 9.0% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; therelative spectral power distribution of the third combined light isbetween 0.0% to 1.1% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between1.0% to 25.3% for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 4.2% and52.7% for wavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 56.6% to 77.5%for wavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between541 nm to 580 nm, between 80.5% and 123.4% for wavelengths between 581nm to 620 nm, between 48.4% to 144.9% for wavelengths between 621 nm to660 nm, between 12.6% to 88.8% for wavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm,between 3.2% to 34.4% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between1.0% to 10.5% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; and the relativespectral power distribution of the first combined light is between 0.1%to 0.7% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between 0.5% to 1.6%for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 39.6% and 58.6% forwavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501nm to 540 nm, between 62.0% to 80.4% for wavelengths between 541 nm to580 nm, between 41.6% and 59.9% for wavelengths between 581 nm to 620nm, between 23.1% to 57.1% for wavelengths between 621 nm to 660 nm,between 6.6% to 35.0% for wavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm, between1.8% to 13.5% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between 0.6% to4.1% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm.
 35. Thewhite-light-emitting device of claim 31, wherein one or more of: therelative spectral power distribution of the first combined light is 100%for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, between 27.0% and 65.1% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, between 24.8% and 46.4% forwavelengths between 601 nm to 700 nm, between 1.1% to 6.8% forwavelengths between 701 nm to 780 nm; the relative spectral powerdistribution of the second combined light is between 3.3% and 17.4% forwavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, between 8.9% and 24.8% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 601nm to 700 nm, between 1.1% to 18.1% for wavelengths between 701 nm to780 nm; the relative spectral power distribution of the third combinedlight is between 2.4% and 35.8% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, between 61.2% and142.0% for wavelengths between 601 nm to 700 nm, between 7.9% to 21.1%for wavelengths between 701 nm to 780 nm; and the relative spectralpower distribution of the first combined light is between 19.9% and32.2% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, 100% for wavelengthsbetween 501 nm to 600 nm, between 14.7% and 42.4% for wavelengthsbetween 601 nm to 700 nm, between 1.3% to 6.1% for wavelengths between701 nm to 780 nm.
 36. The white-light-emitting device of claim 31,wherein one or more of: the relative spectral power distribution of thefirst combined light is between 0.3% to 8.1% for wavelengths between 380nm and 420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between20.9% and 196.1% for wavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 15.2%to 35.6% for wavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, between 25.3% to40.5% for wavelengths between 541 nm to 580 nm, between 26.3% and 70.0%for wavelengths between 581 nm to 620 nm, between 15.4% to 80.2% forwavelengths between 621 nm to 660 nm, between 5.9% to 20.4% forwavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm, between 2.3% to 7.8% forwavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between 1.0% to 2.3% forwavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; the relative spectral powerdistribution of the second combined light is between 0.0% to 14.8% forwavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between 2.1% to 157.8% forwavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 2.0% to 6.7% forwavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 1.4% to 12.2% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, between 8.7% to 20.5% forwavelengths between 541 nm to 580 nm, between 48.5% and 102.8% forwavelengths between 581 nm to 620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621nm to 660 nm, between 1.8% to 74.3% for wavelengths between 661 nm to700 nm, between 0.5% to 29.5% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm,between 0.3% to 9.0% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; therelative spectral power distribution of the third combined light isbetween 0.0% to 1.1% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between1.0% to 25.3% for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 4.2% and52.7% for wavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 56.6% to 77.5%for wavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between541 nm to 580 nm, between 80.5% and 123.4% for wavelengths between 581nm to 620 nm, between 48.4% to 144.9% for wavelengths between 621 nm to660 nm, between 12.6% to 88.8% for wavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm,between 3.2% to 34.4% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between1.0% to 10.5% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; and the relativespectral power distribution of the first combined light is between 0.1%to 0.7% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between 0.5% to 1.6%for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 39.6% and 58.6% forwavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501nm to 540 nm, between 62.0% to 80.4% for wavelengths between 541 nm to580 nm, between 41.6% and 59.9% for wavelengths between 581 nm to 620nm, between 23.1% to 57.1% for wavelengths between 621 nm to 660 nm,between 6.6% to 35.0% for wavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm, between1.8% to 13.5% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between 0.6% to4.1% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm.
 37. Thewhite-light-emitting device of claim 32, wherein one or more of: therelative spectral power distribution of the first combined light is 100%for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, between 27.0% and 65.1% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, between 24.8% and 46.4% forwavelengths between 601 nm to 700 nm, between 1.1% to 6.8% forwavelengths between 701 nm to 780 nm; the relative spectral powerdistribution of the second combined light is between 3.3% and 17.4% forwavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, between 8.9% and 24.8% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 601nm to 700 nm, between 1.1% to 18.1% for wavelengths between 701 nm to780 nm; the relative spectral power distribution of the third combinedlight is between 2.4% and 35.8% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501 nm to 600 nm, between 61.2% and142.0% for wavelengths between 601 nm to 700 nm, between 7.9% to 21.1%for wavelengths between 701 nm to 780 nm; and the relative spectralpower distribution of the first combined light is between 19.9% and32.2% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm, 100% for wavelengthsbetween 501 nm to 600 nm, between 14.7% and 42.4% for wavelengthsbetween 601 nm to 700 nm, between 1.3% to 6.1% for wavelengths between701 nm to 780 nm.
 38. The white-light-emitting device of claim 32,wherein one or more of: the relative spectral power distribution of thefirst combined light is between 0.3% to 8.1% for wavelengths between 380nm and 420 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between20.9% and 196.1% for wavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 15.2%to 35.6% for wavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, between 25.3% to40.5% for wavelengths between 541 nm to 580 nm, between 26.3% and 70.0%for wavelengths between 581 nm to 620 nm, between 15.4% to 80.2% forwavelengths between 621 nm to 660 nm, between 5.9% to 20.4% forwavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm, between 2.3% to 7.8% forwavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between 1.0% to 2.3% forwavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; the relative spectral powerdistribution of the second combined light is between 0.0% to 14.8% forwavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between 2.1% to 157.8% forwavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 2.0% to 6.7% forwavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 1.4% to 12.2% forwavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, between 8.7% to 20.5% forwavelengths between 541 nm to 580 nm, between 48.5% and 102.8% forwavelengths between 581 nm to 620 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 621nm to 660 nm, between 1.8% to 74.3% for wavelengths between 661 nm to700 nm, between 0.5% to 29.5% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm,between 0.3% to 9.0% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; therelative spectral power distribution of the third combined light isbetween 0.0% to 1.1% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between1.0% to 25.3% for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 4.2% and52.7% for wavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, between 56.6% to 77.5%for wavelengths between 501 nm to 540 nm, 100% for wavelengths between541 nm to 580 nm, between 80.5% and 123.4% for wavelengths between 581nm to 620 nm, between 48.4% to 144.9% for wavelengths between 621 nm to660 nm, between 12.6% to 88.8% for wavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm,between 3.2% to 34.4% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between1.0% to 10.5% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm; and the relativespectral power distribution of the first combined light is between 0.1%to 0.7% for wavelengths between 380 nm and 420 nm, between 0.5% to 1.6%for wavelengths between 421 nm to 460 nm, between 39.6% and 58.6% forwavelengths between 461 nm to 500 nm, 100% for wavelengths between 501nm to 540 nm, between 62.0% to 80.4% for wavelengths between 541 nm to580 nm, between 41.6% and 59.9% for wavelengths between 581 nm to 620nm, between 23.1% to 57.1% for wavelengths between 621 nm to 660 nm,between 6.6% to 35.0% for wavelengths between 661 nm to 700 nm, between1.8% to 13.5% for wavelengths between 701 nm to 740 nm, between 0.6% to4.1% for wavelengths between 741 nm to 780 nm.
 39. Thewhite-light-emitting device of any one of claims 30-32, wherein: the oneor more of the first type of luminescent materials comprise one or moreof BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu, Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce, (La,Y)₃Si₆N₁₁:Ce, or Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce; andthe one or more of the second type of luminescent materials compriseCaAlSiN₃:Eu, (Sr,Ca)AlSiN₃, or a semiconductor quantum dot.
 40. Thewhite-light-emitting device of any one of claim 31, wherein: the bluecolor range comprises a region on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagramdefined by a 60-step MacAdam ellipse at 20000K, 40 points below thePlanckian locus.
 41. The white-light-emitting device of any one of claim31, wherein: the red color range comprises a region on the 1931 CIEChromaticity Diagram defined by a 20-step MacAdam ellipse at 1200K, 20points below the Planckian locus.
 42. The white-light-emitting device ofany one of claim 31, wherein: the yellow/green color range comprises aregion on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram defined by a 16-step MacAdamellipse at 3700K, 30 points above Planckian locus.
 43. Thewhite-light-emitting device of any one of claim 31, wherein: the cyancolor range comprises a region on the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagramdefined by 30-step MacAdam ellipse at 6000K, 68 points above thePlanckian locus.
 44. The white-light-emitting device of any one of claim30, further comprising a current supply circuit configured toindependently apply an on-state drive current to each of the first LED,second LED, third LED, and fourth LED.
 45. The white-light-emittingdevice of claim 44, further comprising a control system configured toselectively provide one or more control signals to the control supplycircuit.
 46. The white-light-emitting device of claim 45, wherein theone or more control signals are generated from one or more sensorsconfigured to sense one or more of electrical, optical, thermal, andenvironmental conditions of the device.
 47. The white-light-emittingdevice of any one of claim 44, wherein: the first, second, third, andfourth combined light in combination form a fifth combined light havinga fifth color point; and the current supply circuit is configured toadjust the fifth color point so that it falls within a 7-step MacAdamellipse around any point on the black body locus having a correlatedcolor temperature between about 2700 K to about 6500 K.